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New state law protects orca whales

posted 06/13/2008
With summer approaching, the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) is reminding recreational boaters and paddlers that a new state law to protect orca whales went into effect June 12, 2008. The new law, approved during the last legislative session, establishes rules for boaters and paddlers, including a requirement that vessels stay at least 100 yards away from southern resident orca whales.

"Orca whales are vulnerable to human disturbances, including boat traffic," WDFW Deputy Enforcement Chief Mike Cenci said. "It's important that boaters and other vessel operators follow the rules and do what they can to avoid interfering with these animals."

The majority of orca whales found in Washington from early spring to late fall are members of the southern resident orca population, which mostly travel the waters of northern Puget Sound, said Cenci.

Under the new law, boaters who unexpectedly come within 100 yards of southern resident orcas are required to stop immediately, put the engine in neutral and allow the whales to pass. The law also makes it unlawful to feed the whales.

Boaters who violate the new state law could be fined up to $500, said Cenci.

The southern resident orca population, which totals about 90 whales, are protected under the federal Endangered Species Act and the federal Marine Mammal Protection Act. Harassing or disturbing marine mammals also can result in federal fines.

"With this new state law, WDFW enforcement officers – who conduct the majority of the marine patrols – can provide another layer of protection for orca whales in Washington's waters," Cenci said.

For more information on how to avoid disturbing orca whales, as well as other marine mammals, visit www.bewhalewise.org.


Orca ordinance violation dismissed

By Sharon Kivisto

posted 11/21/2007
The first and so far only ticket written under the county's killer whale protection ordinance was dismissed in San Juan County District Court Tuesday, Nov. 20, 2007. According to court records, the county Prosecutor's office did not find the defendant a Monroe man had the required mental state for the infraction. The ordinance forbids boaters from "Knowingly approaching" within 100 yards of any killer whale.

The ticket was issued Sept. 27 during a fishing derby on the west side of San Juan Island. According to the police report of the incident, a deputy was on duty in a law enforcement boat and saw a large group of whales and several whale watching boats off in the distance. He noticed two whales by themselves about half a mile out from False Bay. He decided they needed protection since there were several fishing boats around. He turned on his boat's blue lights.

The Monroe man approached the area in his 25-foot white cabin cruiser. When he kept approaching, the deputy turned on more flashing lights. The boater slowed down but continued in the same direction, at the last minute he saw the whale, swerved and missed hitting the orca.

The deputy ticketed him for almost striking a whale. The infraction carried a penalty of up to $750. According to the report, the boater said he did not see the whale until the last minute. He didn't realize the deputy was guarding the whales, he thought the deputy was conducting law enforcement activity.


First orca ordinance violator cited

posted 10/01/2007
San Juan County's killer whale protection ordinance was used for the first time September 27. A 47-year-old Monroe man was cited for violating the ordinance which forbids boaters from "Knowingly approach, by any means, within 100 yards in any direction of any killer whale."

According to the police report, a deputy was on duty in the law enforcement boat and saw a large group of whales and several whale watching boats off in the distance. He noticed two whales off by themselves about half a mile out from False Bay. He decided they needed protection since there were several fishing boats around. He turned on the boat's blue lights. The Monroe man approached the area in his 25-foot white cabin cruiser. When he kept approaching, the deputy turned on more flashing lights. The boater slowed down but continued in the same direction, then he saw the whale, swerved and missed hitting the orca.

The deputy ticketed him for almost striking a whale with his vessel. The infraction carries a penalty of up to $750. According to the report, the boater said he did not see the whale until the last minute. He didn't realize the deputy was guarding the whales, he thought the deputy was conducting law enforcement activity.

Several citizens believe this may make an interesting test case for several reasons. The violation has to be done knowingly. If the boater did not know the whales were there and took evasive action as soon as he became aware of their presence, it might be difficult to say it was done knowingly.

The other hurdle for the county is proving the whales are members of the southern resident pods. The ordinance only applies to J, K and L pods. If the boater contests the ticket, the deputy will have to prove the whale involved belongs to one of those pods. Rogue whales are not protected by the ordinance.


County Council approves $9k for 8 days of orca ordinance enforcement

posted 09/19/2007
San Juan County Council approved spending up to $9,000 for law enforcement for eight days to enforce the orca ordinance. Four of the days would be during the upcoming salmon derby at Roche Harbor. State Fish and Wildlife officers are also planning to be on the water during the derby, ready to enforce the ordinance. The number of days would of course depend on the whales whereabouts.

The sheriff and deputies can cite violators. State Fish and Wildlife officers can only co-sign tickets since it is a county ordinance. If the deputies are not on the water when DFW officers observe a violation, the officer and boater must arrange to meet a deputy at a dock where the deputy can write the ticket. The DFW officer can then co-sign the ticket.

Sheriff Bill Cumming asked the council to encourage the state to adopt a similar ordinance.


ORDINANCE NO. 35 - 2007

AN ORDINANCE REGULATING THE OPERATION OF VESSELS IN PROXIMITY TO THE SOUTHERN RESIDENT KILLER WHALE, AN ENDGANGERED SPECIES, AND ESTABLISHING PENALTIES FOR THE VIOLATION THEREOF

BACKGROUND

WHEREAS, San Juan County is an archipelago that includes surrounding marine waters. The territory of San Juan County is described in RCW 36.04.280 as follows:

Commencing in the Gulf of Georgia at the place where the boundary line between the United States and the British possessions deflects from the forty-ninth parallel of north latitude; thence following the boundary line through the Strait of Georgia and Haro Strait to the middle of the Strait de Fuca; thence easterly through the Fuca Straits along the center of the main channel between Blunt’s Island and San Juan and Lopez Islands to a point easterly of the western entrance of Deception Pass, until opposite the middle of the entrance to the Rosario Straits; thence northerly through the middle of the Rosario Straits and through the Gulf of Georgia to the place of beginning.

WHEREAS, the southern resident killer whale (Orcinus orca) is a wild marine mammal that commonly plies and feeds in the marine waters of the county in Haro Strait and the Strait of Juan de Fuca, south and west of San Juan Island, in Canada and elsewhere;

WHEREAS, on November 18, 2005, the southern resident killer whale population was listed as "endangered" under the Endangered Species Act, 16 USCA §§ 1531 – 1543, by the National Marine Fisheries Service;

WHEREAS, the killer whale has been designated as an “endangered species” by the Washington State Fish and Wildlife Commission;

WHEREAS, it is beneficial to San Juan County residents, Native American tribes, and the people of the State of Washington and visitors to protect and preserve the southern resident killer whale;

WHEREAS, much of the local economy is dependent on the protection and preservation of the County’s natural marine environment and the wildlife in the County;

WHEREAS, the San Juan County Council acknowledges the tremendous economic benefit that the presence of killer whales in San Juan County marine waters brings to the County through steady tourism, scientific research opportunities, and enhanced living opportunities;

WHEREAS, on November 29, 2006, the National Marine Fisheries Service released a "Proposed Recovery Plan for southern resident Killer Whales” which plan lays out an adaptive management approach and a conservation strategy. The conservation measures in the plan include:

  • Prey Availability: Support salmon restoration efforts in the region including habitat, harvest and hatchery management considerations and continued use of existing NMFS authorities under the ESA and Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act to ensure an adequate prey base.
  • Pollution/Contamination: Clean up existing contaminated sites, minimize continuing inputs of contaminants harmful to killer whales, and monitor emerging contaminants.
  • Vessel Effects: Continue with evaluation and improvement of guidelines for vessel activity near southern resident killer whales and evaluate the need for regulations or protected areas.
  • Oil Spills: Prevent oil spills and improve response preparation to minimize effects on southern residents and their habitat in the event of a spill.
  • Acoustic Effects: Continue agency coordination and use of existing MMPA mechanisms to minimize potential impacts from anthropogenic sound.
  • Education and Outreach: Enhance public awareness, educate the public on actions they can participate in to conserve killer whales and improve reporting of southern resident killer whale sightings and strandings.
  • Respond to Sick, Stranded, Injured Killer Whales: Improve responses to live and dead killer whales to implement rescues, conduct health assessments, and determine causes of death to learn more about threats and guide overall conservation efforts.
  • Transboundary and Interagency Coordination: Coordinate monitoring, research, enforcement, and complementary recovery planning with international, federal and state partners.
  • Research and Monitoring: Conduct research to facilitate and enhance conservation efforts. Continue the annual census to monitor trends in the population, identify individual animals, and track demographic parameters.

    WHEREAS, vessel traffic in the proximity of killer whales is presently subject to cooperative guidelines called "Be Whale Wise," which guidelines are designed to allow people to enjoy and view the killer whale yet reduce the risk of disturbing the killer whale;

    WHEREAS, the "Be Whale Wise" guidelines are endorsed by numerous organizations, including the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the United States Coast Guard, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, San Juan County, San Juan County Marine Resources Committee, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, BC Parks, the Whale Watch Operators Association Northwest, the Georgia Straits Alliance, the Whale Museum, the Seattle Aquarium, Soundwatch, and Straitwatch.

    WHEREAS, federal law prohibits persons from "taking" or “harassing” marine mammals and state law makes it unlawful when a person "maliciously harasses" endangered wildlife;

    WHEREAS, the federal standard of "harass" and the state standard of "maliciously harasses" present difficulties for state and federal enforcement when vessels move in close proximity to the southern resident killer whales;

    WHEREAS, notwithstanding the adoption and promotion of the "Be Whale Wise Guidelines," members of Soundwatch and others have seen citizens carelessly and inappropriately operate vessels in close proximity to the southern resident killer whale;

    WHEREAS, more clear, understandable and enforceable standards are desired to regulate vessel operation in proximity to the southern resident killer whale;

    WHEREAS, San Juan County has been informed that the National Marine Fisheries Service has issued an Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking regarding possible conservation measures to protect whales from the effects of vessel traffic (See Federal Register, Vol. 72, No. 55 at 13464, March 22, 2007) and it is likely to take some time to complete the rulemaking process;

    WHEREAS, San Juan County has been informed that the Washington State Fish and Wildlife Commission intends to propose or adopt regulations regarding the operation of vessels in proximity of vessels near killer whales;

    WHEREAS, the San Juan County Council desires to make portions of the "Be Whale Wise Guidelines" as a regulation for which there is a penalty for the violation thereof until such time as the National Marine Fisheries Service or the State of Washington or the Washington State Fish and Wildlife Commission adopt regulations;

    WHEREAS, after due notice, the San Juan County Council held a public hearing on this ordinance on September 11, 2007, and considered public testimony, written statements and reports of the public and the officials from the following government agencies:

    • National Marine Fisheries Service;

    • National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

    • United States Coast Guard;

    • Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife;

    • San Juan County Marine Resources Committee

    • San Juan County Sheriff; and

    • San Juan County Prosecuting Attorney.

    NOW, THEREFORE, THE SAN JUAN COUNTY COUNCIL HEREBY ORDAINS AS FOLLOWS:

    Section 1. Legislative Intent.

    A. The public health, safety and welfare are substantially benefited by the protection and conservation of the southern resident killer whale.

    B. This ordinance is adopted pursuant to the police power authority granted to San Juan County in Article XI, Section 11, of the Washington Constitution, and the authority granted to states to adopt more restrictive provisions with respect to the taking of endangered species pursuant to 16 USCA 1535(f) (the Endangered Species Act).

    C. This ordinance is intended to be local and apply only to the operation of vessels in San Juan County during the time that the southern resident killer whale is present in the marine waters of San Juan County.

    D. This ordinance shall not be enforced if the State of Washington or any department thereof, or the United States or any department thereof, establishes laws or regulations regarding the operation of vessels in proximity to the southern resident killer whale;

    E. Because the southern resident killer whale may surface in unpredictable locations, all vessel operators must maintain a vigilant lookout for killer whales and to keep their distance away from visible whales. Moreover, because whales may surface closer to a vessel than the specified distance, it is not appropriate to make the violation of a distance requirement between a vessel and a killer whale in subsections 3(A)(1), (2), and (3) a strict liability or status offense and instead only make unlawful the knowing violations.

    F. Subsections 3(A)(5), (6), and (7) are appropriate as strict liability offenses.

    Section 2. General Guidance and Objectives, and Definitions.

    A. General Guidance and Objectives. The master and operator of every vessel in San Juan County has a duty to maintain a lookout for southern resident killer whales while operating in the marine waters of San Juan County and to determine the direction of travel of the whales and to safely operate the vessel to avoid violating this ordinance. Vessel operators should move out of the way of approaching whales to maintain an open way in front of and behind the killer whale and 100 yards to each side of the killer whale. The fundamental concept of these rules is that vessels should not approach within 100 yards of the killer whale and maintain an open way with a minimum of 100 yards on each side of the pod of whales. When the killer whales are close to shore, the master of the vessel should keep the vessel on the seaward side of the whales. All masters of vessels must reduce speed in proximity to whales to avoid interfering with other nearby vessels and to protect whales from unnecessary noise and interference.

    B. Definitions. "Vessel" means every description of water craft, including nondisplacement craft and seaplanes, used or capable of being used as a means of transportation on water; "Public vessel" means a vessel that is (a) owned or demise chartered, and operated by the United States Government, the Government of the State of Washington or any department thereof, San Juan County or any elected official or department thereof, or a government of a foreign country; and (b) is not engaged in commercial service.

    Section 3. Unlawful activity in proximity to the southern resident killer whale.

    A. Except as provided in Section 3(B) of this ordinance, it is unlawful for any person subject to the jurisdiction of the State of Washington to commit, attempt to commit or cause to be committed the following acts within the marine waters of San Juan County with respect to the southern resident killer whale (Orcinus orcas):

    1. Knowingly approach, by any means, within 100 yards in any direction of any killer whale; or

    2. Knowingly allow a vessel or other object to remain in the apparent path of an oncoming killer whale thereby resulting in a killer whale surfacing within 100 yards in any direction of the vessel or object; or

    3. Knowingly place a vessel or other object within 100 yards in any direction of the killer whale; or

    4. Fail to yield to a killer whale; or

    5. Fail to disengage the transmission of a vessel that is within 100 yards in any direction of any killer whale; or

    6. Operate a vessel in excess of a slow, safe speed when such vessel is within 400 yards of any killer whale. “Safe speed” has the same meaning as the term is defined in 33 USC 2006 and the international regulations for preventing collisions at sea 1972, See 33 USC Section 1602.

    7. Feed a killer whale.

    B. The following exceptions apply to the conduct described in Section 3(A) of this ordinance, but any person who claims the applicability of an exception has the burden of proving the exception applies:

    1. The vessel is required to use the Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) in the waters of or adjacent to San Juan County; or

    2. The person is operating a vessel pursuant to and in a manner consistent with a permit issued by the National Marine Fisheries Service, or similar authorization; or

    3. The master or operator reasonably determines that compliance with the distance requirement of this ordinance will threaten the safety of the vessel, the vessel’s crew or passengers, or is not feasible due to vessel design limitations, or because the vessel is restricted in its ability to maneuver due to wind, current, tide, or weather.

    4. The person operating the vessel is lawfully engaged in actively setting, retrieving or closely tending commercial fishing gear. For purposes of this subsection, “commercial fishing” means taking or harvesting fish or fishery resources to sell, barter or trade. "Commercial fishing" does not include commercial sport fishing boats used for charter operations or sport fishing; or

    5. The person was operating a public vessel in the course of official duty for local, state, or the federal government; or

    6. The person was operating a vessel in a manner consistent with a treaty with Native Americans or foreign nations.

    Section 4. Presumption.
    In any infraction involving a violation of this ordinance in the presence of a law enforcement officer in a marked vessel, proof that the particular vessel described in the notice of infraction was in violation of Section 3, together with proof that the person named in the notice of infraction was at the time of the violation the registered owner of the vessel, constitutes in evidence a prima facie presumption that the registered owner of the vehicle was the person in control of the vehicle at the point where and for the time during which, the violation occurred. This presumption may be overcome only if the registered owner states under oath, in a written statement or testimony to the court that the vessel was, at the time, stolen, or in the care, custody, or control of some person other than the registered owner.

    Section 5. Penalty.
    A violation of Section 3(A) of this ordinance is a civil infraction enforceable as provided in Chapter 7.80 RCW. The maximum penalty is seven hundred fifty dollars ($750.00).

    Section 6. Codification.
    Section 1 though 5 of this ordinance shall be codified in Chapter 10.28 until such time as the ordinance expires by its terms.

    Section 7. Expiration.
    This ordinance shall expire when either the National Marine Fisheries Service or the Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife establishes laws or regulations regarding the operation of vessels in proximity to the southern resident killer whale.

    Section 8. Invalidity.
    In the event any part of this ordinance is declared invalid, the remaining portions shall be unaffected.

    Section 9. Wide notice of adoption.
    As provided in the County Charter, notice of adoption of this ordinance shall occur promptly. In addition, these regulations, the "Be Whale Wise" guidelines, and other responsible wildlife viewing messages should be widely disseminated to private boaters and the general public through the distribution or posting of brochures, billboards, advertisements, and other information sources in coastal communities, marinas, and fishing and boating literature, at boating shows, boat dealers, and bareboat charters, during boating safety training courses, and in conjunction with vessel registration or licensing.


    County enacts killer whale protection ordinance

    posted 09/12/2007
    COUNTY NEWS RELEASE: San Juan County Council enacted a landmark ordinance Tuesday, Sept. 11, 2007 designed to prevent boaters from harassing the endangered southern resident killer whales that frequent its waters. The ordinance makes it unlawful to feed killer whales or "knowingly" approach within 100 yards of a killer whale within San Juan County.

    Recent declines in the whale population in the area have been blamed on declining salmon runs and pollution, as well as stress from noise and close contacts with boaters. The whales have been classified as “endangered” under the Federal Endangered Species Act, but rules for protecting the whales are not expected to emerge from National Marine Fisheries Service for at least another year.

    "This is an interim measure," Council Member Howie Rosenfeld said, "it won’t be necessary after the federal regulations are completed."

    "These animals need protection now," said Council Member Kevin Ranker, who – along with Rosenfeld – has pushed hard for the ordinance. "We need to look out for them so these magnificent animals will be with us in the future."

    During a public hearing prior to the Council’s vote, several speakers expressed concern that, because the whales are fast-moving and unpredictable, many boaters could find themselves accidentally in violation of the law.

    Council Members emphasized that enforcement officers will need to exercise discretion, but Councilman Rosenfeld added, "Enforcement people will be there to protect the whales from flagrant violators and we haven’t had a tool to do that."

    During the summer and fall months, three pods of killer whales are commonly found in the waters of San Juan County and whale watching has become a $10 million industry. But most of the complaints about interference with the whales concern small pleasure craft rather than commercial operators. Bill Wright, representing the Northwest Whale Watch Association, enthusiastically endorsed the ordinance and noted that much of its substance was patterned after his association’s voluntary "Be Whale Wise" code of conduct.

    The environmental group, Friends of the San Juans, has also championed this ordinance. "[The whales] are being stressed by a shortage of food and a toxic environment," said Amy Trainer, the group’s attorney, "hopefully this ordinance will make their lives a little bit better."

    San Juan County Sheriff Bill Cumming supported the ordinance but also expressed concern about having enough resources to adequately enforce it. Council Member Ranker suggested that the Council consider an additional $16,500 monthly appropriation for the ordinance’s enforcement during the summer tourist season.

    Earlier, in testimony at the hearing, Sgt. Russ Mullins of the Washington Fish and Wildlife told Council Members that his office was prepared to cooperate with the Sheriff to use the ordinance to protect the whales. "It’s why we go to work in the morning," he said.

    The Council signed the ordinance immediately so that it will be in effect prior to the popular Roche Harbor Salmon Derby, which begins September 27th and often brings large numbers of fishing boats and the orca whales into conflict.

    Council Members Alan Lichter, Gene Knapp, Kevin Ranker and Howie Rosenfeld voted in favor of the ordinance. Members Bob Myhr and Rich Peterson were traveling and not able to attend the meeting. The ordinance as adopted is posted on the county's WEB SITE


    $750 penalty for harrassing whales proposed

    posted 06/05/2007
    Feeding a killer whale or blocking its path would cost you a $750 fine under an ordinance presented to the San Juan County Council by Prosecutor Randy Gaylord yesterday, June 5, 2007. The legislation is based on the "Be Whale Wise" voluntary guidelines that boaters have been encouraged to abide by for several years by researchers and others concerned about the effects vessel traffic is having on orcas.

    Under the legislation the following activities in proximity to the southern resident killer whale, except as provided in Section 3(B) of this ordinance, it is unlawful for any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United States to

    1. Knowingly approach, by any means, within 100 yards of any killer whale; or

    2. Knowingly allow a vessel or other object to be in the apparent path of an oncoming killer whale thereby resulting in a killer whale surfacing within 100 yards of the vessel or object;

    3. Knowingly place a vessel or other object within the area encompassing 100 yards on either side of the killer whale and extending 400 yards ahead of the apparent path of the killer whale;

    4. Knowingly place a vessel or other object in the area encompassing 100 yards on either side of the killer whale and extending 400 yards behind the killer whale;

    5. Fail to yield to a killer whale;

    6. Fail to disengage the transmission of a vessel that is within 100 yards of any killer whale; or

    7. Operate a vessel in excess of a slow, safe speed when such vessel is within 400 yards of any killer whale. “Safe speed” has the same meaning as the term is defined in 33 USC 2006 and the international regulations for preventing collisions at sea 1972, See 33 USC Section 1602.

    8. Feed a killer whale.

    Asked by the council who will enforce this, Gaylord said there is some question about whether Fish and Wildlife officers can enforce a local ordinance. Amy Trainer of the Friends of the San Juans said federal and state officials can be commissioned to enforce county laws.

    Gaylord will meet with the council on Monday June 11 to present a report on the risks to the county if they go ahead with the ordinance. A public hearing will be scheduled before the ordinance is adopted. The entire text of the draft ordinance presented at the council meeting is available below.

    DRAFT PROSECUTING ATTORNEY DRAFT 6/5/2007 ORDINANCE NO. __ - 2007

    AN ORDINANCE REGULATING THE OPERATION OF VESSELS IN PROXIMITY TO THE SOUTHERN RESIDENT KILLER WHALE, AN ENDGANGERED SPECIES, AND ESTABLISHING PENALTIES FOR THE VIOLATION THEREOF

    BACKGROUND

    WHEREAS, San Juan County is an archipelago that includes surrounding marine waters. The territory of San Juan County is described in RCW 36.04.280 as follows: Commencing in the Gulf of Georgia at the place where the boundary line between the United States and the British possessions deflects from the forty-ninth parallel of north latitude; thence following the boundary line through the Strait of Georgia and Haro Strait to the middle of the Strait de Fuca; thence easterly through the Fuca Straits along the center of the main channel between Blunt’s Island and San Juan and Lopez Islands to a point easterly of the western entrance of Deception Pass, until opposite the middle of the entrance to the Rosario Straits; thence northerly through the middle of the Rosario Straits and through the Gulf of Georgia to the place of beginning.

    WHEREAS, the southern resident killer whale (Orcinus orca) is a wild marine mammal that commonly plies and feeds in the marine waters of the county in Haro Strait and the Strait of Juan de Fuca, south and west of San Juan Island, in Canada and elsewhere;

    WHEREAS, on November 18, 2005, the southern resident killer whale population was listed as “endangered” under the Endangered Species Act, 16 USCA §§ 1531 – 1543, by the National Marine Fisheries Service;

    WHEREAS, the killer whale has been designated as an “endangered species” by the Washington State Fish and Wildlife Commission;

    WHEREAS, it is beneficial to San Juan County residents, Native American tribes, and the people of the State of Washington and visitors to protect and preserve the southern resident killer whale;

    WHEREAS, much of the local economy is dependent on the protection and preservation of the County’s natural marine environment and the wildlife in the County; WHEREAS, the San Juan County Council acknowledges the tremendous economic benefit that the presence of killer whales in San Juan County marine waters brings to the County through steady tourism, scientific research opportunities, and enhanced living opportunities;

    WHEREAS, on November 29, 2006, the National Marine Fisheries Service released a “Proposed Recovery Plan for southern resident Killer Whales” which plan lays out an adaptive management approach and a conservation strategy. The conservation measures in the plan include:

    • Prey Availability: Support salmon restoration efforts in the region including habitat, harvest and hatchery management considerations and continued use of existing NMFS authorities under the ESA and Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act to ensure an adequate prey base.

    • Pollution/Contamination: Clean up existing contaminated sites, minimize continuing inputs of contaminants harmful to killer whales, and monitor emerging contaminants.

    • Vessel Effects: Continue with evaluation and improvement of guidelines for vessel activity near southern resident killer whales and evaluate the need for regulations or protected areas.

    • Oil Spills: Prevent oil spills and improve response preparation to minimize effects on southern residents and their habitat in the event of a spill.

    • Acoustic Effects: Continue agency coordination and use of existing MMPA mechanisms to minimize potential impacts from anthropogenic sound.

    • Education and Outreach: Enhance public awareness, educate the public on actions they can participate in to conserve killer whales and improve reporting of southern resident killer whale sightings and strandings.

    • Respond to Sick, Stranded, Injured Killer Whales: Improve responses to live and dead killer whales to implement rescues, conduct health assessments, and determine causes of death to learn more about threats and guide overall conservation efforts.

    • Transboundary and Interagency Coordination: Coordinate monitoring, research, enforcement, and complementary recovery planning with international, federal and state partners.

    • Research and Monitoring: Conduct research to facilitate and enhance conservation efforts. Continue the annual census to monitor trends in the population, identify individual animals, and track demographic parameters.

    WHEREAS, vessel traffic in the proximity of killer whales is presently subject to cooperative guidelines called “Be Whale Wise,” which guidelines are designed to allow people to enjoy and view the killer whale yet reduce the risk of disturbing the killer whale;

    WHEREAS, the “Be Whale Wise” guidelines are endorsed by numerous organizations, including the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the United States Coast Guard, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, San Juan County, San Juan County Marine Resources Committee, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, BC Parks, the Whale Watch Operators Association Northwest, the Georgia Straits Alliance, the Whale Museum, the Seattle Aquarium, Soundwatch, and Straitwatch.

    WHEREAS, federal law prohibits persons from “taking” or “harassing” marine mammals and state law makes it unlawful when a person “maliciously harasses” endangered wildlife, WHEREAS, the federal standard of “harass” and the state standard of “maliciously harasses” present difficulties for state and federal enforcement when vessels move in close proximity to the southern resident killer whales;

    WHEREAS, notwithstanding the adoption and promotion of the “Be Whale Wise Guidelines,” members of Soundwatch and others have seen citizens carelessly and inappropriately operate vessels in close proximity to the southern resident killer whale;

    WHEREAS, more clear, understandable and enforceable standards are desired to regulate vessel operation in proximity to the southern resident killer whale;

    WHEREAS, San Juan County has been informed that the National Marine Fisheries Service has issed an Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking regarding possible conservation measures to protect whales from the effects of vessel traffic (See Federal Register, Vol. 72, No. 55 at 13464, March 22, 2007) and it is likely to take some time to complete the rulemaking process;

    WHEREAS, San Juan County has been informed that the Washington State Fish and Wildlife Commission intends the propose or adopt regulations regarding the operation of vessels in proximity of vessels near killer whales; WHEREAS, the San Juan County Council desires to make portions of the “Be Whale Wise Guidelines” as a regulation for which there is a penalty for the violation thereof until such time as the National Marine Fisheries Service or the State of Washington or the Washington State Fish and Wildlife Commission adopt regulations;

    WHEREAS, after due notice, the San Juan County Council held a public hearing on this ordinance on __________________, 2007 and considered public testimony, written statements and reports of the public and the officials from the following government agencies:

    NOW, THEREFORE, THE SAN JUAN COUNTY COUNCIL HEREBY ORDAINS AS FOLLOWS:

    Section 1. Legislative Intent.

    A. The public health, safety and welfare are substantially benefited by the protection and conservation of the southern resident killer whale.

    B. This ordinance is adopted pursuant to the police power authority granted to San Juan County in Article XI, Section 11, of the Washington Constitution, and the authority granted to states to adopt more restrictive provisions with respect to the taking of endangered species pursuant to 16 USCA 1535(f) (the Endangered Species Act).

    C. This ordinance is intended to be local and apply only to the operation of vessels in San Juan County during the time that the southern resident killer whale is present in the marine waters of San Juan County.

    D. This ordinance shall not be enforced if the State of Washington or any department thereof, or the United States or any department thereof, establishes laws or regulations specifically regarding the distance between a vessel and the southern resident killer whale.

    E. Because the southern resident killer whale may surface in unpredictable locations, all vessel operators must maintain a vigilant lookout for killer whales and to keep their distance away from visible whales. Moreover, because whales may surface closer to a vessel than the specified distance, it is not appropriate to make the violation of a distance requirement between a vessel and a killer whale in subsections 3(A)(1), (2), (3) and (4) a strict liability or status offense.

    F. Subsections 3(A)(5), (6), (7) and (8) are appropriate as strict liability offenses. Section 2. General Guidance and Objectives. The master and operator of every vessel in San Juan County has a duty to maintain a lookout for southern resident killer whales while operating in the marine waters of San Juan County and to determine the direction of travel of the whales and to safely operate the vessel to avoid violating this ordinance. Vessel operators should move out of the way of approaching whales to maintain an open way in front of and behind the killer whale and 100 yards to each side of the killer whale. The fundamental concept of these rules is that that vessels should not approach within 100 yards of the killer whale and maintain an open way with a minimum of 100 yards on each side of the pod of whales. When the killer whales are close to shore, the master of the vessel should keep the vessel on the seaward side of the whales. All masters of vessels must reduce speed in proximity to whales to avoid interfering with other nearby vessels and to protect whales from unnecessary noise and interference.

    Section 3. Unlawful activity in proximity to the southern resident killer whale.

    A. Except as provided in Section 3(B) of this ordinance, it is unlawful for any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United States to commit, attempt to commit or cause to be committed the following acts within the marine waters of San Juan County with respect to the southern resident killer whale (Orcinus Orcas):

    1) Knowingly approach, by any means, within 100 yards of any killer whale; or

    2) Knowingly allow a vessel or other object to be in the apparent path of an oncoming killer whale thereby resulting in a killer whale surfacing within 100 yards of the vessel or object;

    3) Knowingly place a vessel or other object within the area encompassing 100 yards on either side of the killer whale and extending 400 yards ahead of the apparent path of the killer whale;

    4) Knowingly place a vessel or other object in the area encompassing 100 yards on either side of the killer whale and extending 400 yards behind the killer whale;

    5) Fail to yield to a killer whale;

    6) Fail to disengage the transmission of a vessel that is within 100 yards of any killer whale; or

    7) Operate a vessel in excess of a slow, safe speed when such vessel is within 400 yards of any killer whale. “Safe speed” has the same meaning as the term is defined in 33 USC 2006 and the international regulations for preventing collisions at sea 1972, See 33 USC Section 1602. 8) Feed a killer whale.

    B. The following exceptions apply to the conduct described in Section 3(A) of this ordinance, but any person who claims the applicability of an exception has the burden of proving the exception applies:

    1) The person is operating a vessel pursuant to and in a manner consistent with a permit issued by the National Marine Fisheries Service, or similar authorization; or

    2) The vessel is restricted in its ability to maneuver due to wind, current, tide, weather or vessel limitations and because of such restrictions, the master of the vessel cannot comply with the applicable provision of Section 3(A) of this ordinance; or

    3) The person operating the vessel is lawfully engaged in actively setting, retrieving or closely tending commercial fishing gear. For purposes of this subsection, “commercial fishing” means taking or harvesting fish or fishery resources to sell, barter or trade. “Commercial fishing” does not include commercial sport fishing boats used for charter operations or sport fishing; or

    4) The person was operating a vessel in the course of official duty for local, state, or the federal governments; or

    5) The person was operating a vessel in a manner authorized by treaty with Native Americans or foreign nations.

    Section 4. Presumption.

    In any infraction involving a violation of this ordinance in the presence of a law enforcement officer in a marked vessel, proof that the particular vessel described in the notice of infraction was in violation of Section 3, together with proof that the person named in the notice of infraction was at the time of the violation the registered owner of the vessel, constitutes in evidence a prima facie presumption that the registered owner of the vehicle was the person in control of the vehicle at the point where and for the time during which, the violation occurred. This presumption may be overcome only if the registered owner states under oath, in a written statement or testimony to the court that the vessel was, at the time, stolen, or in the care, custody, or control of some person other than the registered owner.

    Section 5. Penalty.

    A violation of Section 3(A) of this ordinance is a civil infraction enforceable as provided in Chapter 7.80 RCW. The maximum penalty is seven hundred fifty dollars ($750.00).

    Section 6. Codification.

    Section 1 though 5 of this ordinance shall be codified in Chapter 10.28 until such time as the ordinance expires by its terms.

    Section 7. Expiration.

    This ordinance shall expire when either the National Marine Fisheries Service or the Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife makes effective a rule regarding the distance between vessels and southern resident killer whales.

    Section 8. Invalidity.

    In the event any part of this ordinance is declared invalid, the remaining portions shall be unaffected.

    Section 9. Wide notice of adoption. As provided in the County Charter, notice of adoption of this ordinance shall occur promptly. In addition, these regulations, the “Be Whale Wise” guidelines, and other responsible wildlife viewing messages should be widely disseminated to private boaters and the general public through the distribution or posting of brochures, billboards, advertisements, and other information sources in coastal communities, marinas, and fishing and boating literature, at boating shows, boat dealers, and bareboat charters, during boating safety training courses, and in conjunction with vessel registration or licensing.